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At its 52nd National Conference held in Polokwane from 16-20 December 2007, the African National Congress adopted a strongly-worded resolution calling for the transformation of the judiciary to be expedited. The judiciary has also recently attracted controversy due to the ongoing legal travails of ANC President, Jacob Zuma, and allegations regarding improper conduct on the part of Hlophe JP. This is therefore an opportune juncture to step back and consider the transformation of the judiciary over the past fifteen years of South Africa's constitutional democracy. The article commences with a brief discussion of the role of the judiciary under apartheid. In light of this, the following issues are discussed as components of judicial transformation: the process whereby judges are appointed; the need to change the attitudes of the judiciary; the need to foster greater judicial accountability; and the need for a more efficient judiciary. The conclusion reached is that post-apartheid South Africa has generally made impressive strides towards transforming its judiciary while respecting judicial independence and the separation of powers. However, recent legislative activity, resolutions and statements of the ANC and its alliance partners have not always heeded this approach. Judicial transformation must continue to be pursued but in a manner that is not counter-productive to the constitutional project as a whole.

Constitutions --- Constitutions.

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The six volumes of the German Constitutional Documents encompass more than 100 texts from Napoleonic times to the St. Paul's Church Constitution of 1849. They are published as part of the series entitled Constitutions of the World from the late 18th Century to the Middle of the 19th Century, a unique source edition that includes a complete collection of authentic historical constitutional texts for the period in question, all of which are annotated and indexed. Volume IV contains 26 constitutional documents for individual German states arranged in alphabetical and chronological order

Constitutions -- Latin America. --- Constitutions -- United States -- States. --- Constitutions -- United States.

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This book commemorates the bicentenary of the landmark Spanish Constitution of 1812. Drafted by Spanish and colonial Spanish American liberals (and non-liberals) holed up in Cadiz as Napoleon's troops occupied the surrounding hills, this war-time Constitution set out radically to redefine 'the Spanish nation' for a new age. In the event, it divided Spaniards and threw into sharp relief the question of Spain's legitimacy in her American colonies. Cadiz 1812 is a defining moment in the modern history of the Spanish-speaking world.Bringing together specialists in the history, politics and culture

Constitutional history --- Constitutions

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Constitutional law --- Constitutions

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Constitutions --- Constitutional law